China’s climate policy is centered on the “dual carbon” goals—achieving peak carbon emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060—and has fully integrated these goals into the overall framework of national ecological civilization development and socio-economic growth. This long-term strategy is systematically advanced through a “1+N” policy framework, covering such aspects as energy structure transformation, industrial optimization and upgrading, enhancement of ecosystem carbon sink capacity, and improvement of institutional safeguards.China's environmentThe policy framework emphasizes the coordinated development of growth and security. While ensuring energy supply, it precisely guides investment directions through documents such as the “Guidance Catalog for Green and Low-Carbon Transformation Industries (2024 Edition),” thereby promoting a profound adjustment of industrial structures [1].

The effectiveness of China’s climate action is deeply rooted in its unique governance advantages. First, strong strategic resolve ensures the long-term stability of policies. As a top-level national strategy, the “dual carbon” goals transcend short-term policy cycles, providing society with clear and stable long-term expectations—key to attracting large-scale green investments and technological innovation. Second, an efficient and coordinated implementation system guarantees the effective realization of these goals. Leveraging the institutional advantage of “national unity,” the national strategy can swiftly break down and firmly assign targets to governments and industry sectors at all levels through a top-down planning, mobilization, and assessment mechanism, thereby generating powerful momentum for action. Third, China adheres to a systematic perspective and adopts a gradual, pragmatic approach.of thePathway: China emphasizes the synergistic enhancement of pollution reduction and carbon emission reduction, seamlessly integrating climate action with goals such as pollution prevention, energy security, and industrial upgrading. In the course of implementation, China stresses the principle of "establishing new systems before dismantling old ones," steadily transitioning while ensuring the security of energy supplies and industrial and supply chains, and effectively managing transition risks. The 2025 updated report, "China’s Policies and Actions to Address Climate Change," systematically elaborates on this governance model, highlighting the advantages of China’s socialist system with Chinese characteristics and fostering a powerful synergy driven by coordinated efforts from government, market, and society [2] .

In the energy sector, China has become a key driving force behind the global transition to clean energy. According to a 2025 report released by the International Energy Agency (IEA), in 2024, China accounted for more than half of the world’s newly installed renewable energy capacity. Moreover, its production capacity for photovoltaic modules and wind power equipment continues to lead the global supply chain, making a significant contribution to lowering the cost of clean energy worldwide [3]. In the transportation sector, China has been a global leader in the production and sales of new-energy vehicles for many consecutive years. In the first half of 2025, market penetration has already exceeded 50%. The supporting charging infrastructure network and battery recycling system are becoming increasingly sophisticated, forming a complete green industrial chain that spans from manufacturing and consumption to circular utilization.

As an important participant in global ecological civilization building, China’s contribution is reflected in both its own actions and international cooperation. On the one hand, China continues to implement robust emission reduction measures as the world’s largest developing country. On the other hand, through platforms such as the International Coalition for Green Development of the Belt and Road, China is deepening South-South cooperation. The “Green Development of the Belt and Road” report released in 2024...OutlookThe report shows that China has signed cooperation agreements on renewable energy with dozens of countries and has provided them with substantial green investment, financing, and technical assistance, effectively helping developing countries enhance their climate resilience [4].

Looking ahead, China will unswervingly pursue a path of high-quality development that prioritizes ecology and promotes green, low-carbon growth. Faced with the complex global climate governance landscape, China will continue to be guided by the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind, and will push the global climate governance system toward greater fairness, rationality, and win-win cooperation. Through sustained technological innovation, industrial transformation, and international collaboration, China will not only fulfill its own “dual carbon” commitments but also make new and even greater contributions to tackling global climate change and jointly building a clean and beautiful world.